These areas are segregated by intercourse, and what may just take a bit getting utilized to is they demand you to definitely be naked.
An additional line will function within a couple of years to be a hefty rail system utilizing the Gumi?�Daegu?�Gyeongsan section of Gyeongbu Line. Line 4 is a protracted-range system and can be a circle line. Fare is 1400 received and 1250 gained by using a pay as you go card. There exists a totally free interchange scheme concerning the metro and bus inside of one hour of 1st use for that prepaid card people. market, fostering the bio-overall health sector while in the Yeongnam region and setting up an autonomous vehicle ecosystem ?�Transportation, developing a wide railway network to make a 'just one-hour daily life zone concerning the primary towns during the Yeongnam area' ?�Environmental protection, clever water source management ?�Cultural tourism , and Tale tours employing mother nature, record, and society from the Yeongnam area.
Carved in situ through the granite on the east flank on the mountain, this seated Buddha is 4 metres tall, and on his head is really a slab, fifteen cm thick.
nineteen eighties interval and was especially known for its electronics business. The humid subtropical local weather of Daegu is ideal for generating large-excellent apples, Consequently the nickname, "Apple City".|Megacities normally have significant numbers of homeless people. The particular lawful definition of homelessness may differ from place to place, or between unique entities or establishments in the exact same place or area.[38]|There are several retailers close by in which you can hire bikes and electrical scooters to journey alongside the margins. In the event the climate enables, This really is also a great place for just a picnic with good friends or household. Purchase delivery, bring food stuff from your home, or get yourself a corn Doggy with the vending stalls close by.|This informative article requires more citations for verification. Remember to assist improve this information by incorporating citations to dependable resources. Unsourced content could be challenged and removed.|Seomun Current market is not only a spot for trade, it's the beating coronary heart of Daegu. Heir towards the investing traditions in the Joseon dynasty, it is now a lively House the place vibrant fabrics rub shoulders by using a rich and diversified gastronomy.|Resembling a starship from outer Area, the ARC is a wonderful spot to go to on a lazy Sunday. Since it?�s located proper within the confluence in the Nakdong and Geumho rivers, the cinematic purely natural environment invitations Lots of people aiming to unwind.|Dongseongno Road, the most distinguished retail Avenue in downtown Daegu, is sometimes when compared to Myeongdong in Seoul. This boulevard provides almost everything from luxurious shops to rapid vogue as well as Korean splendor products and solutions to travelers searching for to working experience Daegu in all its splendor.|During the night, it lights up and transforms, giving an unbelievable a number of meals stalls in which to delight in area delicacies like mandu (Korean ravioli) or tteokbokki (spicy rice cakes). It's a need to for any person eager to sample the essence of Korean Road food items inside of a festive atmosphere.|By haeparanggil.com Follow the Haeparang monitoring path no. 21 and witness the most breathtaking views of the shimmering blue east sea and lush woodlands.|Daegu and all of North Gyeongsang province had hefty guerrilla actions inside the late 1940s, as A huge number of refugees shied far from the combating in Jeolla province and sought shelters in Daegu.|This kind of partnership claims not merely a bigger geographic and demographic footprint but an unparalleled strategic alliance in several sectors. Encouraged by LinkedIn|three. Addressing Regional Issues Urban and industrial development deliver with them difficulties associated with sustainability and also the atmosphere. Issues like h2o offer, waste administration, air pollution, as well as the drive for renewable Power sources are significantly important. The BUG Mega City principle, by unifying the three locations, can strategize holistic alternatives. No matter whether it?�s an integrated h2o administration program, shared squander-to-Electricity vegetation, joint air high quality checking networks, or collaborative investments in wind and solar energy, the put together may possibly of BUG can pave the way in which for just a greener long run. 4. Joint Responses to Modern Troubles In an period outlined by unexpected problems just like the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity for cohesive methods hasn't been clearer. The BUG Mega City?�s possible lies not merely in shared sources but in shared resilience. By pooling medical services, study, and community well being tactics, the region can navigate these crises with elevated efficacy. Also, as South Korea embarks on its ambitious Korean New Offer, specializing in eco-friendly advancement and digital transformation, the BUG Mega City, with its put together industrial, technological, and human sources, can be quite a lynchpin in the realization of this nationwide eyesight. In conclusion, the BUG Mega City, even though nascent in its conceptualization, retains the promise of redefining South Korea?�s regional growth. By harnessing its intrinsic opportunity and addressing shared problems head-on, it could incredibly well set a benchmark for built-in city-regional growth inside the twenty first century. The Yeongnam Grand Mega City and Inter-regional Collaboration|Air pollution could be the introduction into the atmosphere of chemical substances, particulate subject, or Organic materials that result in damage or soreness to individuals or other living organisms, or damages the all-natural surroundings.[forty seven][forty eight] Quite a few city parts have major issues with smog, a variety of air air pollution derived from vehicle emissions from internal combustion engines and industrial fumes that react inside the environment with sunlight to type secondary pollutants that also Merge with the primary emissions to type photochemical smog. Power and materials sources|The jackpot had been expanding given that someone who bought a Mega Millions ticket at ShopRite in Neptune Township won The large $one.thirteen billion prize on March 26. It?�s the most important prize ever gained in New Jersey as well as the eighth biggest in U.S. lottery background.|Carry on reading To find out more about how to proceed in Daegu like some tourist well-liked activities to try, what Daegu is known for, along with the top three spots to stay during your vacation plus much more.|Soon after exiting the cable automobile, visitors may acquire in the panoramic see of Daegu from the Apsan Observatory.|The acceptance for alter of land use in just a residential space devoid of consultation with area citizens signifies a failure from the area district Business office to adequately guidance both equally communities, and of your authorities to mediate powerful communication involving the two teams. Notably, the Muslim community did not disseminate information to your nearby people on its programs, despite regional recognition of Muslim worship inside a household on the positioning because 2014, and standard acceptance of what some residents noticed as evening-time disturbance during the time of Ramadan.[48] For the reason that dispute began nevertheless, dialogue involving the neighborhood inhabitants and the Muslim Neighborhood has actually been hampered by 3rd events in Korea, in accordance with the Muslim community spokesperson.[forty seven] As of May possibly 2023, development was underway; variations experienced not been resolved.[47] Education[edit]|With the decreased station there?�s a swimming pool, driving range and services for horseback Using and archery.|The jackpot had been escalating given that someone that bought a ticket at ShopRite in Neptune Township won the massive $1.13 billion prize on March 26. It?�s the most important prize at any time received in New Jersey as well as eighth major in U.S. lottery history.|Daegu International Airport (TAE) handles flights from a number of major Worldwide cities along with domestic flights. Situated only a few kilometers from your city Middle, the airport is effectively served by community transport and cabs, creating your arrival within the city a breeze.|Getting to Daegu is both simple and handy, thanks to its central location in South Korea and excellent transportation back links. No matter whether you are arriving from abroad or touring in the place, there are several possibilities for discovering this distinctive city.|If you need to keep somewhere in which you have use of the freshest Korean meals, Dalseong Country could also be the very best location so that you can stay. |Daegu is full of historical tradition, magnificent sights, and pure magnificence. Not simply this, the incredibly stunning city is value seeing and has a good deal to supply its tourists.|"This website page might comprise affiliate inbound links, which means we may perhaps receive a compact commission, for gratis for you, if you produce a buy by way of a hyperlink!"|The exhibitions are generally modern day and present-day art Nevertheless they?�re all fairly outstanding. It?�s also pretty low-cost in comparison to equivalent exhibitions in major western cities. And While the majority of the highlighted artists are Korean, there?�s continue to a great number of international art.|Bullo-dong Tomb Park is household to more than 200 historical burial mounds throughout only one valley. It?�s very much just like the Egyptian pyramid custom.|The stores are all really fancy, and there?�s a variety of luxurious brands. The foods courtroom is kind of a sight in alone, made out to resemble town streets. There are several great locations to grab a bite but I very advocate hoping Crystal Jade?�s Xiao Very long Bao.|Even supposing most locals prefer to store at the grocery store or department store, conventional industry tradition nevertheless thrives in Daegu. Seomun Market place, By way of example, is among Korea?�s previous remaining markets through the Joseon Dynasty, and in some cases nowadays is the most effective markets within the city to pick up local produce. There?�s a body portray festival Held in late summer at Duryu Park, the once-a-year Daegu Global Bodypainting Pageant (DIBF) is surely an occasion to become seasoned. Below, artists from all corners on the globe gather to exhibit their skills. The occasion culminates in the body portray Levels of competition, the place practically nude versions are transformed into remarkable is effective of artwork in just a couple hours.}
That includes greater than thirty,000 artifacts, the Daegu Nationwide Museum showcases important archeological finds that have helped scientists recognize the distinctive record of both equally Daegu as well as the Gyeongsangbuk-do province.
Gentrification and urban gentrification are conditions to the socio-cultural modifications in a region because of wealthier individuals shopping for house inside a fewer prosperous Neighborhood.[forty six] As residing costs rise, lower-cash flow residents are compelled to maneuver out on the community resulting in an increase in regular income, which consequently makes the world more fascinating to other wealthier property or business people, further more pushing the living expenses up. BC). In fact, several of the earliest proof of Mumun settlement in Gyeongsangdo happen to be excavated from Siji-dong and Seobyeon-dong.|The region has long gone from a comparatively large poverty to top rated twenty richest countries in under thirty decades. The Kingdom of Silla, ruled by King Gyeongdeok, the 35th monarch in 757 starts to make use of the title of Daegu. The swift industrial improvement, especially in the textile business, has permitted Daegu in 1960 to surpass its neighboring towns.|Instagram of Daegu City When you are pondering using a split from city daily life then do take into consideration going to the slow-paced setting in Mabijeong Mural Village. It can be a little but beautiful village which attracts guests from internationally.|Daegu Sindang Elementary College can be a community elementary university situated in Dalseo-gu, Daegu, near the campus of Keimyung University. The school's motto is "To raise youngsters who're upright, sensible, and strong", and its emblem and flower will be the magnolia and pine tree, respectively. Daegu Sindang Elementary School features a background of excellence in sports, music and teachers, and it has gained several awards in these fields.|Daegu skyline as noticed from KNU's Technopark Usually, Daegu is called a conservative city. Along with being the most important inland city from the place beside Seoul it is becoming one of many significant metropolitan areas within the nation.|Sign up for passionate enthusiasts as you cheer on the city?�s beloved baseball staff, the Samsung Lions, and knowledge the thrill of a Are living sporting celebration.|The tower is above 200 meters in top and among the finest locations to Select a date night time. Get pleasure from the ultimate birds-eye perspective of Daegu through the leading where by There may be a tremendous revolving cafe at the same time.|There?�s a festival devoted to hen and beer Among the finest methods to chill down in Daegu, Korea?�s hottest city, will be to gorge on chimaek, the renowned Korean culinary mix of chicken and beer. The Daegu Rooster & Beer Competition, which can be held on a yearly basis in July, supplies visitors with the opportunity to working experience this more and more preferred Korean gastronomic trend. Some one hundred taking part distributors provide up the state?�s very best recipes, when K-pop concerts preserve audiences entertained.|IVisitKorea is usually a participant within the Amazon Expert services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate marketing software designed to provide a way for Sites to get paid advertising revenues by marketing and linking to Amazon.|With this struggle, the forces of Goryeo were crushed and Wang Kŏn himself was saved only from the heroic deed of his standard Sin Sung-gyŏm. Having said that, the atrocities of the Later Baekje forces at the moment apparently transformed community sympathizers to favor Wang Kŏn, who afterwards grew to become the king of Goryeo.|If you propose to vacation 더대구룸 around the outskirts of Daegu, it really is a good idea to carry an auto or hire a car or truck. It takes about 4 hours (300km) from Seoul to Daegu by automobile using the Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway.|If you purchase a product or register for an account through a hyperlink on our web site, we could obtain compensation. By utilizing This website, you consent to our User Settlement and concur that the clicks, interactions, and private data can be gathered, recorded, and/or stored by us and social networking as well as other third-party associates in accordance with our Privateness Coverage.|By Alltrails.com The Biseulsan park boasts wealthy terrain and all-natural forest. Its vacation resort is a super position for many who are in quest of rest and respite.|The hospitality and friendliness of Daegu's individuals increase an additional dimension for the visitor experience. Hospitality is an area delight, and travelers immediately truly feel at your house.|Therefore, Jeju City does not appreciate Distinctive autonomy and only has the exact same lawful powers as being the Substantially smaller Seogwipo City. The executive authority of Jeju City is attempting to increase the scope of administrative authority delegated in the provincial govt for the city authorities.[4] Special-position city[edit]|Immerse you in the spiritual ambiance of Donghwasa Temple, a revered haven of Buddhism nestled from the mountains. Marvel for the sight from the colossal Buddha statue, towering seventeen meters large, mainly because it presides in excess of the temple grounds.|You are able to watch the Seonhwa-dang creating where by the governor worked, valued as among the list of few surviving govt properties from your period of time in Korea, along with the governor?�s home Jungcheong-gak.|Keimyung College, primary making Daegu and its satellite towns are one of several spots which have the biggest non-public greater academic establishments in Korea. Many of their key campuses can be found within the nearby Gyeongsan city which serves the Daegu area to be a school town. Kyungpook Nationwide College (KNU) is one of the most very rated and perfectly organized nationwide universities in Korea. It retains superior ranks in and round the city in several academic fields, although DGIST(Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Know-how) is recognized as among Korea's major universities in the sector of science and technological know-how.|A large city is actually a city (aside from a Exclusive city or maybe a metropolitan city) that includes a inhabitants bigger than five hundred,000, and continues to be specified by an purchase on the nationwide government underneath Posting 198 on the Regional Autonomy Act. Huge municipal metropolitan areas are offered the power to subdivide them selves into non-autonomous districts (?�반�? 一?��?).|It?�s a sight that photographs can?�t do justice and could make the climb as well as the challenging journey just before it (metro, bus ride and taxi) thoroughly worth your while.|Don?�t ignore to deliver your digital camera and when you did it mistakenly, soon after flying large altitudes and landing you can be furnished the flight online video. The better part is you're going to get the video clip instantaneously, you don?�t need to hold out to receive it.|The Yangnyeongsi herb health care Pageant and Otgol village festival are classified as the modern day festivals about traditional culture.|sights, Additionally, there are lots of tables and sheds that permit for a food items split or perhaps an out of doors catnap. Well-maintained boardwalks and ropewalks make the stroll really easy.|In case you?�re a enthusiast, you?�ll be happy to see that one of many most important business streets in downtown Daegu sells Korean cosmetics just about solely.}
Even if most individuals use apparel each day, several people take into account the precise value in their clothes or textiles. of the hydrogen field ecosystem inside the Yeongnam area ??Establishment|Institution} with the Yeongnam location railway and road-targeted cooperation job ??Establishment|Institution} of an integrated logistics association inside the Yeongnam area ??Water|Drinking water|H2o} high-quality improvement undertaking while in the h2o supply supply (Nakdong River) ?�Y-Waterfront: Grand tour of rivers and seas ??Establishment|Institution} and operation of the Yeongnam location regional cooperation committee ??Sharing and linking of healthcare sources was proposed.|Every visitor leaves by having an enriched eyesight of South Korea, an indelible memory of this city that oscillates amongst earlier and foreseeable future.|The city?�s textile industries are significantly significant, and In addition there are steel and device-setting up industries. Daegu is very best regarded, nonetheless, for the caliber of the apples developed in the surrounding region, which can be exported during East and Southeast Asia.|Choose leisurely strolls together the scenic lakefront, delight in picnics amidst blooming cherry blossoms in Spring, or use a paddleboat for your stress-free experience over the tranquil waters.|It?�s a tidy brick framework with two basement floors. You will find a few Screen rooms, among which is a Distinctive exhibit hall.|It was absorbed into your kingdom of Silla no later on when compared to the fifth century. The vestiges of your wall is often viewed, and relics are already excavated in The present Dalseong Park. Silla[edit]|In conclusion, Daegu unfolds for a captivating blend of tradition, character, and present day allure. With the ideal items to carry out in Daegu at your fingertips, immerse by yourself inside the city?�s vibrant lifestyle, discover historic temples, and savor mouthwatering street food stuff at bustling markets.|It can be surrounded by lots of places to eat and coffee stores, and partners and households ordinarily Obtain in this article. At nighttime, the lake lights up which has a music and fountain exhibit. And in the springtime, the shorelines change pink with all The attractive cherry blossoms.|Instagram of Daegu.go.kr In case you are a museum individual then this museum is the greatest treatment method for yourself. You are going to practical experience the hundreds of year-previous traditions of oriental medicines and medicines markets listed here.|Daegu, metropolitan city, southeastern South Korea. Daegu is among South Korea?�s major city areas and has the status of a metropolitan city under the direct control of the central federal government, with administrative standing equal to that of a province.|The fortress, even so, were demolished from the early twentieth century. Whilst Daegu is the nation's 3rd or fourth largest city, the Dongseongno area form the largest and also the broadest downtown region in The complete country except the cash city, Seoul. In most cases, famous brands open up their department shop very first right here out in the Better Seoul region.[42]|The hearth distribute throughout two trains inside of minutes, killing 192 folks and injuring 151 Other individuals. It remains the deadliest deliberate lack of everyday living in an individual incident in South Korean peacetime background.|As you?�d hope, spring and summer months absolutely are a high-quality time and energy to pay out a go to, but the arboretum?�s landmark party could be the Chrysanthemum Pageant throughout two months at the end of Oct and start of November.|Jjimgalbi: braised beef ribs cooked within an aluminum pot that has a deep spicy, sweet, and garlicky marinade}
These superb botanical gardens from the south of town offer you shade in the Sunshine and a huge variety of trees and plants, and also several massive greenhouses??There's two varieties of buses which are regional and limited Specific. Confined Specific buses have additional seats, but often passengers are necessary to stand.
Acknowledge All Cookies?? you comply with the storing of cookies on your product to boost site navigation, assess web site use, and aid inside our promoting attempts.|You won't only get relaxed but can even expertise what you have got not seasoned before. You will discover gender-separated shifting rooms and hot bathtubs. So What exactly are you looking ahead to?|Also, the city would be the warmest area in South Korea due to the humid subtropical local weather. This local climate situation delivers the location with premium quality apples and oriental melons. The fruit marketplace is an important assistance for that area economic system.|It?�s a couple of thirty-moment bus ride from the center and superior seen on the sunny day. Have a wander, Have got a picnic, and unwind even though having fun with the distant city sights.|E-Worldwith its majestic 83 Toweris much more than just an amusement park. It symbolizes Daegu's ability to Merge modern-day leisure with natural attractiveness. The tower, giving a spectacular panorama on the city and its environment, is ideal for pictures lovers or All those seeking a passionate moment under the stars. The adjacent park, with its varied attractions, ensures a fun-filled working day for readers of any age.|There are actually multiple exhibitions and arms-on training programs. The museum also provides animation and graphic displays in a lot more than 3 languages.|Unsurprisingly, visits for the deity spike in the course of Korea?�s annual school entrance exam interval in late November, so hope crowds all through that point|From housing and transportation to community providers and amenities, each individual side of urban living in the Higher Seoul Area faces tension as a consequence of its dense populace. This has resulted in skyrocketing property costs, congested transit systems, and environmental degradation. Next, although the Higher Seoul Space thrives, the depopulation in peripheral areas leaves at the rear of ghost cities, underutilized infrastructure, and dwindling neighborhood economies. The cultural and societal cloth of those locations receives weakened as more youthful generations migrate to city facilities, leaving behind an getting old populace with restricted means. This imbalance also ends in a loss of regional identification, traditions, and heritage, as you will find much less folks to hold them forward. Economically, this disparity means that when the money location is burgeoning, other regions are missing out on opportunity investments, improvements, and development alternatives. This not simply limitations the countrywide economic opportunity but in addition brings about a lopsided advancement in which prosperity is not shared equally over the nation. The magnet result of your Better Seoul Space, although easy to understand, has created a ripple of issues. It?�s a conundrum of urbanization where the really things that make a region beautiful also add to its drawbacks. And as the disparities improve, so does the urgency to address this imbalance, for the sake of a harmonious and sustainable foreseeable future for South Korea. From Cash Dominance to Balanced Development: The Genesis on the BUG Eyesight|The best floor provides a singular delightful watch of Daegu?�s cityscape. There?�s an enough open up space you'll be able to roam in freely, acquire shots, and seize a bite.|The pavilion, clad with silver pillows and made to evoke a skipping stone or Korean rice bowl was created by The big apple?�s Asymptote studio as Component of the World Expo 2012.|Nevertheless, There's also leisure services with the mountain?�s foundation wherever travellers can get pleasure from other functions like archery, horseback Using, and swimming.|The unmatched focus of academic institutions, organizations, technological breakthroughs, and cultural treasures causes it to be a magnet not just for Koreans but for international talent and investments. While the capital location surges in advance, non-funds areas locate on their own inside a precarious place. Rather than collaborating, these regions normally obtain by themselves in the zero-sum Competitiveness in opposition to each other for means, expertise, and investments. This intra-regional Competitors does them no favors. In lieu of strengthening their particular person positions in opposition to the money, they inadvertently weaken their collective stance. With Every location looking to outdo another, the main target will get diffused, and the general likely gets diluted. During this race, the funds region, with its consolidated toughness, invariably arrives out in advance, even more widening the development hole. The BUG Mega City Notion emerges from this backdrop as a beacon of hope. Recognizing the constraints of past endeavors as well as stark realities on the present, this idea aims to pool the strengths of Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam, creating a formidable counterweight on the capital?�s dominance. By fostering collaboration above Competitors and leveraging its exceptional strengths, the BUG Mega City has the prospective to reshape South Korea?�s developmental narrative, making sure a more well balanced and inclusive growth Tale for the longer term. The Synergies of Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam|Daegu's 1st regular markets were being proven during the late Joseon time period. Quite possibly the most renowned of such will be the Yangnyeongsi herbal medication sector. This became a Heart of herbal trade in Joseon, and even attracted prospective buyers from neighboring countries.|The city has several department shops. Numerous of such belong to countrywide or multinational chains, though the neighborhood Daegu Section Retail store also operates two branches, whilst One more area chain, Donga Department Retailer operates 4 from the city proper.|You will discover this area truly worth spending time on throughout the year in each of the seasons. Its blooming flowers, lovely dales, and ice-capped mounts are making a gift of bewitching sights.|Most of the nicely-identified large educational institutions can be found in Suseong-gu mainly because its instructional quality and zeal are significant typical during the state.|In 1905, the previous fortress wall was wrecked. Like a tribute on the wall, streets that now run in which the wall when stood have already been named Bukseongno, Namseongno, Dongseongno and Seoseongno, which translates as "north fortress street", "south fortress Avenue", "east fortress Avenue" and "west fortress Road" respectively.|Once we wrote this checklist in 2019 there had just been a solo exhibition for the prolific Alex Katz and a retrospective for Jeon Seon Taek, Daegu?�s most important twentieth-century artist.|An icon and motif of Daegu, this Wonderful cruciform church is fairly a sight, with its twin spires. Originally built in Wooden, the 1st incarnation??Daegu herbal medication industry: Dating from 1658, this market has a significant qualifications historical past. It tends to make him one of the most important and oldest drug marketplace in Korea. Filled with outlets providing off various fragrance who'll awake your curiosity.|Check out Lake Suseong is really a jewel of tranquility. With its charming cafés and h2o-dependent leisure facilities, It is really an ideal place for a enjoyable day or a intimate evening.|Sad to say, your browser just isn't supported. Please obtain one of those browsers for the very best working experience on usatoday.com|A lot of traditional ceremonies and festivals in agrarian Culture disappeared in the process of modernization. A Confucian ritual ceremony named Seokjeondaeje is held at Daegu-hyanggyo each spring and autumn.|If you buy an item or sign up for an account by way of a connection on our web site, we may perhaps obtain payment. By using This web site, you consent to our Person Agreement and agree that the clicks, interactions, and private details may very well be collected, recorded, and/or stored by us and social websites as well as other third-occasion partners in accordance with our Privacy Coverage.|The city?�s site within the junction of two crucial rivers gave increase to Seomun Sector, that is famed for its fabrics, and is also a Avenue food mecca right after Dusk.|The neighborhood apple-rising industry began to prosper right after missionaries from The usa from the early twentieth century grafted cuttings from American apple trees on to the local crab apple trees.}
It is actually widespread for individuals to employ these sleeping places as right away accommodation, if, As an example, their position is while in the city and residential is inside the state, although holidaymakers use jjimjilbangs as a cost-conserving way to visit metropolitan areas.
This process also has a tendency to produce a reduce in regular family dimension in the area. This sort of inhabitants change decreases industrial land use when it can be redeveloped for commerce and housing. Air air pollution}